For many years now, I’ve been
planning to visit the HIGH END SHOW in Munich, one of the year’s biggest
audio showcases. Fortunately, as fate would have it, the exhibition moved to
Vienna this year, making it easier for us to finally get there.
My friend Gábor and I decided
that we’d be there on both public days – that is, on Saturday and Sunday – so
we spent Saturday night in a brilliant hotel,
whose rooftop bar gave us this view of the hustle and bustle of the
Prater:
Click on each picture to reach better quality
There are plenty of people who aren’t excited by listening to music,
but rather by the craziest, most stomach-churning rides.
You can read the definitions of the (Hungarian) names I previously created for audio device categories here and here.
I’ll start with a disappointment.
Posts appeared in the Facebook
MQA Experience group, suggesting that perhaps even we mere mortals in Vienna
might be able to attend a demonstration of Lenbrook’s brand-new MQA-based music
streaming service, following their acquisition of MQA technology. According
to the reports, the demonstration was (supposed to have) taken place in the
Dali Room of the Melia Hotel. Well, as is customary we went there and found
the Dali Room, but on Saturday it was already empty, the only reminder of the
demonstration was a few Lenbrook name cards left on the table. (In our
frustration, and given the intense heat their, we each drank a bottle of
sparkling mineral water that had been left there.😊
)
It later transpired that, contrary
to our experience they ,,had been there all week so their 250 guests invited were able to enjoy the A/B tests.
Unfortunately, we were not among the invitees, so I cannot report on how the
new service sounded (nor is it yet known) when it will launch, just as we do not know
what the sound produced by AIRIA’s (formerly MqAir) wireless technology might
be like.
Regardless of our sense of anticipation
, we are eagerly awaiting the launch of the new streaming service fully based on MQA technology. We doubt have no that it will deliver excellent sound
quality, which many audiophile music listeners will enjoy, as soon as it finally becomes available...
Our respect and admiration go to
Lenbrook for recognising the business potential in a technology (MQA) that, in
the opinion of many, is already a thing of the past, and for investing their
money in it, confident of a glorious future. One thing is certain: we’ll be
among the subscribers when high-resolution music produced using MQA technology
becomes fully available again via the streaming service.
With nearly 500 exhibitors taking
part in an event like this, it’s very difficult to take it all in. I have been
following the development of the industry’s ever more exciting devices for many
years, yet nearly half of the exhibitors were unknown to me. There were
suppliers, cable manufacturers and specialist companies whose products are
affordable only to very wealthy customers.
Gábor and I both really enjoy
listening to music through headphones; Gábor, just like me, listens to music
using Meze 109 Pro headphones, but he uses an iBasso DX240 DAP as his source, whereas I have been using recently the compact iBasso Nunchaku USB dongle, which is equipped with a small tube
amplifier. That’s why, for us, the most interesting hall at the exhibition was ‘World
of Headphones’.
I’ll soon be publishing a review of the Japanese final Tonalite TWS that I recently bought. Warning, spoiler: the Japanese have incorporated one of the most exciting innovations of recent years into the Tonalite by realising that a music player placed in the ear canal was designed for a completely average ear and head shape, whilst everyone’s different head and ear shapes, which means the sound from the music player won’t be perfectly natural. That’s why the final system is able to fully customise the device to the owner’s specific characteristics using a mobile phone camera and an app. The end result is a sound as if we were sitting in the auditorium at MÜPA (with beat acoustics in Budapest), listening to the music there.
Meanwhile Gábor has purchased pair of wireless earphones, the Bowers & Wilkins Pi8 TWS and according
to him with the help of the earphone case, which provides aptX Lossless (wireless) codec, deliver fantastic sound quality . There’s a good chance we’ll
pit the two TWS models against each other in a joint test and we report of our experience.
The Tonalité’s retail pack includes several Fusion G ear tips in different sizes, made from three different materials, which are extremely comfortable and provide excellent sound isolation.
I’d been hoping to buy some spare eartips at the exhibition in
Vienna, and as soon as we stepped into the world of headphones, we spotted the
final stand straight away. I soon learnt that they hadn’t brought any eartips
with them, but they did suggest we have a listen to a few devices.
final Inc. (Japanese)
final has always been renowned
for its scientifically engineered, typically dynamic drivers, which – just as
with Tonalité – are capable of reproducing even the finest details whilst
producing an extremely low noise level.
My friend Gábor started trying
out one of the best headphones from the final range, the D 8000 DC Pro Edition
(€4,800), whilst I was listening to music on the A10 000 in-ear monitors (IEM), the most expensive model (€3,000) in the range.
The device I used to listen to
music from was a top-of-the-range Questyle portable DAC / headphone amplifier,
whilst Gábor played the music through an American-made Schiit Mjolnir headphone
amplifier.
Gábor listened to the music for a
quarter of an hour with a rapt expression on his face, then took the headphones
off and, with a visibly happy expression, simply said: ‘These are the best
headphones I’ve ever heard’ 😍 .
I wasn’t quite as enthusiastic,
although it’s true that the A10000 sounded excellent. However
unbelievable it may seem, when comparing the sound of the final Tonalité – which
I bought for €315 – after personalising it, with that of the A10000 costing
€3,000, I didn’t feel there was a world of difference. Of course, this is
obviously a strong bias on my part, but in the tranquillity of my own home, it
is much easier to appreciate a device with good sound quality than at a trade
fair visited by thousands of people. This was particularly true of open-back
headphones, for which this exhibition was not the best occasion to judge the ‘real’
sound.
A pleasant listening
experience at the final stand.
In the past, at exhibitions like this, we used to test headphones with music
played from a CD player; these days, however, every pair of headphones
had a tablet or a laptop, typically
QOBUZ or TIDAL streaming services were available
– either directly or via the ROON music
software.
The final D 8000 DC
Pro Edition. The essence lies in the details...
Naturally, I gave it a listen myself and it really did sound astonishingly good
HIFIMAN (USA)
HIFIMAN is a very popular headphone brand, with a range stretching from the
€130 HE400se model, through the iconic €6,700 Susvara planar magnetic model, to
the €8,800 SHANGRI-LA electrostatic headphones. It was the latter that made the
biggest impression on us in the HIFIMAN room.
The centrepiece of
the exhibition was the HE1000 WiFi model shown in the wall-mounted photo,
which the gentleman on the right spent so long trying out that we couldn’t wait
any longer.
The SHANGRI-LA tube
amplifier was one of the most beautifully designed units
we saw at the exhibition, and what’s
more, it sounded outstanding.
We have to admit that we tried
out the Susvara headphones in this room and on about three other systems.
Perhaps our expectations were too high for one of the world’s most famous
headphones, but none of us was particularly blown away by the sound of the Susvara.
MEZE Audio (Romania)
We both listen to music at home
using the Meze 109 Pro dynamic, open-back headphones; I also have a Meze 99 Classics V2 dynamic, closed-back headphones, which
I take with me when travelling (because when I use these, other people can’t
hear the music I’m listening to).
So, it’s worth noting from the
outset that we’re somewhat biased when it comes to the headphones from Baia Mare, yet we’ve tried to assess their range impartially.
At the Meze stand,
where the headphones could be listened to in a fairly small, enclosed room.
It is unclear whether this was due to a fault with the air conditioning or
the lack of one, but it was very hot inside and there was little oxygen,
just like at the World Cup matches in Mexico...😎
In the small room, Meze had on display almost all its models, including the flagship ARTA – unveiled in Vienna – which costs €6,000. This is how Meze spanned the range from the 99 Classics, which enjoyed global success in 2016 and costs 100,000 forints, to the 2 million forint high-end model.
Naturally, we listened to the ARTA, but the circumstances did not allow to listen an open-back planar magnetic
headphones in complete tranquillity and silence, so the sound quality being less
good than expected does not yet mean that the ARTA will not become a new
benchmark.
Gábor is listening to
the ARTA.
He’s had it on his head for much less time
than the final D8000 DC Pro😉
It’s worth mentioning that the design is
marvellous!
In this room, Gábor liked the
Meze Elite best; admittedly, this was his first time hearing them, but he’s
been round to mine many times, and they really are sensational headphones.
Meanwhile, I tried out the Empyrean II , which sounded very good with the Serbian-made
AURIS Headonia tube amplifier.
What surprised me was that one of
the best sounds in this room came from the new STRADA closed-back dynamic
headphones – with a wooden finish reminiscent of the Meze LIRIC’s design –
which, like the 109 Pro, cost €800.
RAAL 1995 (Serbia)
Reporters at previous exhibitions
spoke with great enthusiasm about the sound of the original RAAL SR1a model,
emphasising that the ribbon headphones combines
the best features of various systems, namely the astonishing detail of
electrostatic headphones and the natural sound of dynamic headphones.
The original model
had a very unusual design,
but its sound is reportedly sensational .
RAAL 1995 Magna
(€5,400). These headphones have a more conventional shape,
and the small, cylindrical device plugged into the Magna is necessary
because the impedance of RAAL headphones is extremely low (less than 1 ohm!),
so this cylindrical impedance booster was needed for older systems,
which, with its 32-ohm output, can then be connected to the amplifier.
The gold-coloured
Immanis model costs €7, 900 and the company’s newer
amplifiers already incorporate the impedance booster.
The Immanis, with its latest headphone
amplifier costs €10,000 – that is, 3.5 million forints – so we might well lcall it an ‘oligarch’s headphone’ .😏
Regardless of this, I take my hat
off to the Serbian developers, because for me, the RAAL 1995 Immanis headphones
were clearly the real star of the exhibition. The sound quality of these
headphones is absolutely brilliant, and they were also very comfortable to
wear. I didn’t hear better sound quality from any other headphones at the
exhibition. And that practically means that the RAAL 1995 Immanis is currently
the best headphones in the world! 💖
ZMF Headphones (USA)
A typical scene from
the exhibition: the best headphones could be listened to using either
the
Serbian Auris, or the Polish Feliks tube headphones amplifiers.
ZMF’s wooden, very expensive high-end headphones sounded great, particularly
when paired with tube amplifiers costing over €10,000, but I must say that I
found these units too heavy; as a result, I would certainly have taken them off
my head after half an hour of listening, something that hardly ever happens
with my Meze headphones. In terms of comfort, apart from the most comfortable
MEZE models, the HIFIMAN, Dan Clark and RAAL 1995 headphones were the best.
écoute (USA -
Canada)
For those with
smaller ears,
this very special pair of headphones is ideal.
During the final hour of the
exhibition, I was able to try out these headphones, which feature a built-in
DAC and a tube (!) amplifier. What’s more, the écoute is even capable of LDAC wireless
playback and surprisingly, the pleasant wired sound didn’t deteriorate much even
in wireless (Bluetooth) mode. That said, these headphones do not quite reach
the level of the very best. They cost 400,000 forints.
Dan Clark Audio (USA)
The 500 attendees at the
exhibition severely limited the time we could spend with any one exhibitor’s
equipment, but as I was determined to listen to the American Dan Clark Audio
products – which had been showered with awards at the end of last year – we
took the opportunity in the final moments of the exhibition to listen to two
models: the (new) Noire X closed-back headphones and the EON Core
model.
Dan Clark Noire X
(dynamic),
Dan Clark EON Core (closed-back)
closed-back
headphones planar
magnetic headphones
(price:
$1,100)
(price: $900)
The time we had was enough to
conclude that these headphones sound excellent and are comfortable too, making them
suitable for listening to music for longer periods . Next time, it’ll be worth
spending a little more time at the Dan Clark Audio stand...
The best
experiences at the exhibition 😍
Feliks Audio (Poland)
We received the warmest welcome
from them. We had a very good chat with
Michael Feliks, who, together with his brother, made the Feliks brand famous.
Michael explained that their father had been trying to build valve radios as early as the age of 11 (!!!). When Michael and his brother grew up, they tried to persuade their father to set up a business, as they saw great potential in the development of valve amplifiers. At the time, their father didn’t really believe in the whole thing. Later the boys convinced him and today Feliks Audio has become one of the world’s best-known and most successful manufacturers of tube amplifiers .
I’ve also been using a Feliks
unit for quite a few years now (the Feliks Echo), which I told about Michael, and of course I told him
what a joy it is to enjoy an analogue sound from a digital source (Bluesound
Node 2) thanks to this excellent piece of kit. I was quite honest with him when
I mentioned that the price of the Echo has risen very significantly in recent
years, and how lucky I was to have got hold of one at a good price.
Michael acknowledged the
significant price rise, which he attributed to a substantial increase in the
cost of raw materials.
At the Feliks exhibition, the
tube amplifiers were presented in a very stylish manner, mounted on a wooden stand:
The new Echo costs
€750.
The Envy, considered
one of the best on the market, costs 13,000 € (!)
I’d been wanting to listen to the
Envy for a long time, and I have to say, it was one of the best headphone
amplifiers at the exhibition. It’s no coincidence that numerous headphone
manufacturers chose this amplifier to showcase their new models. Its design is
impressive, but it’s the sound that’s truly brilliant.
His father regarded valve
amplifiers merely as a hobby, but together with his sons he managed to achieve
great success and earn the recognition of tube amplifier enthusiasts worldwide.
Ruark Audio (England)
We found ourselves
returning to this room time and again.
Ruark’s equipment is characterised by superb design and excellent sound.
We listened to the music through the R710 on the left and the Talisman-R
floorstanding speakers.
The Ruark R710 is an all-in-one
device equiped with
Burr Brown DAC, a streamer (Spotify, TIDAL and QOBUZ connect),
and a 2 x 200 W Class-D amplifier, which has equipped even with Bluetooth (aptX HD) support.
Incidentally, you can slide a CD into the slot on the top right and play it too!
The remote "dial" similar to the one on top of the unit, is a design masterpiece in its
own right,
and could well be the deciding factor in persuading your loved one to buy it! 😘
The R710 costs €2,600, whilst the
Talisman-R floorstanding speakers cost €1,750, so the complete, superb-sounding
system can be purchased for €4,350 (i.e. approximately 1.5 million forints),
although prices here at home may be slightly higher – which, despite the
significant strengthening of the forint, comes as no great surprise to us.
At the High End exhibition a
home audio system with such superb sound quality and such a visually stunning
design was considered exceptionally good value for money; it is no coincidence
that Ruark’s products have won numerous awards on the Show.
SOUL NOTE (Japan)
The Japanese engineers have packed their knowledge and experience into large,
very heavy
boxes; so I have to say
that these enclosures truly have turned out to be aesthetically pleasing.
We were surprised to discover
that the equipment from a manufacturer unknown to us delivered one of the most
pleasing sounds. Later, at another stand, we learnt that SOUL NOTE was founded
by a group of Japanese engineers who had previously worked as developers at
Marantz (oops!).
These are genuine high-end
electronics, including DACs (digital-to-analogue converters), SACD- players,
transports, streamers, pre - amplifiers, as well as amplifiers and power
amplifiers. Prices for products range from €13,000 to €22,000. 😲
ALBEDO + Faber’s
Cables (Italy)
We knew that Italian coffee, food
and drinks all are excellent, but we were somewhat surprised to find that the
best sound at the exhibition by far was at an Italian company’s stand. 😃
Perhaps it is no
coincidence that the beautifully crafted Italian ALBEDO speakers
were driven by the aforementioned Japanese SOUL NOTE equipment.
In this hall, thanks to the decades of experience of Fabrizio Baretta distinguished Italian expert, the music sounded as though we were sitting in
the auditorium of the Opera House!
It is also worth mentioning that the music was played this time on an AVID
turntable (turntable: €21,000, tonearm: €6,300, cartridge: €9,600), so
literally we have to spend a fortune for this system. , however, when we closed our eyes, the performance by
violinist Kyung Wha Chung and the London S Symphony Orchestra (Saint-Saëns:
Violin Concerto) sounded incredibly natural and lifelike. We heard a vast
soundstage, not only to the sides but also upwards. It was a fascinating
experience that drew us back to this room time and again.
Let there be no doubt that there
were even more expensive systems at the exhibition, but we didn’t hear better
sound anywhere else! Mr. Baretta even adjusted the so-called target curve (such
as the Harman target/curve) on a small (black) unit. Well, if someone spends
decades honing their skills and is passionate about what he dos, he’ll be capable
of such magic. 👍👍👍
HEED AUDIO (Hungary)
at the Chronos (Taiwan) stand
We were delighted to discover
that my friend Zsolt Huszti’s company – the manufacturer of the HEED amplifiers
I use in my home system –, was also
exhibiting at this show and I wasn’t at all surprised that we heard one of the
best sounds in the room.
HEED wasn’t listed amongst the
exhibitors, but their audio system could be heard at the stand of Chronos, a
Taiwanese company. The system, which showcased almost the entire HEED range and
was complemented by Dorn floorstanding speakers – also developed by Zsolt’s
team – sounded absolutely beautiful right from the start.
Here and now comes a slightly
funny anecdote, but I’ll try to tell it with a straight face. 😐
The Taiwan-based manufacturer
brought the full HEED range to the event so that, as a showcase, using it they could try to sell their own in-house
design: the small "cube", positioned between the black Obelisk and the
silver Lagrange.
The Taiwanese claimed that the
little cube, on offer for $5,000, significantly improves the system’s sound
quality!
Well, we listened to the sound
without the cube, and then with it. Then Gábor and I looked at each other, and
we both agreed that, whilst the system did sound slightly better, we weren’t “ sure”
that this improvement in quality would be worth spending that much money on. 😏
CYRUS + NEAT
ACOUSTICS (England)
the CYRUS 80Amp (all-in-one) network player/amplifier and the Neat Vito Classic
floorstanding speaker pair, which sounded absolutely superb.
The new Cyrus 80 Amp is a streaming amplifier with a colour display, fitted with an ESS DAC, a phono (turntable) preamplifier and a headphone amplifier. It is based on the BluOS streaming platform, which I also use and favour, and is one of the very few devices available today that it is a device capable of full MQA decoding, which is ready for Lenbrook’s new (upcoming) streaming service.
The sound quality in this room
was quite exceptional; we heard a very natural, distortion-free and lifelike
sound, although it is true that you have to pay considerably more for this
system than for RUARK’s devices. The 80 Amp costs €7,000, whilst the new pair of Neat speakers is expected to cost €6,000.
Needless to say, most of the
equipment on display at the High End exhibition costs considerably more than
this, even though a good number of those super-expensive units were unable to
produce sound quality of this calibre.
HYDRATION BREAK (relaxation)
I’d like to reassure
everyone that we haven’t reached the quarter-mark of the article , dear reader,
but are already two-thirds of the way through. However, in reference to a
much-discussed new feature of the current football World Cup, here’s a
light-hearted section with a few amusing and interesting images.
could even play a leading role in the
next Transformers film 😂
The proof of the
pudding isn’t always in the eating; in this case, it’s in the listening.
I spotted these in-ear headphones (TWS) at the Chinese Moondrop stand.
Clever marketing at
the British company iFi’s stand: the company’s devices
featured in famous paintings (although Botticelli’s ‘The Birth of Venus’
doesn’t really go with the ZEN DAC 3). iFi’s latest release
was the successor to the xDSD Gryphon, which I’d previously reviewed:
the GR2 portable DAC/headphone amplifier (€550)
The image even has a
title: Adele Bloch-Bauer and
the iDSD Valkyrie, the latter priced at €1,700.
Poor Gustav Klimt must be turning in his grave...😎
We saw this pink pig
in many rooms;
perhaps was the exhibition’s mascot (?)
A favourite amongst
ladies might be this classic handbag, reminiscent of the
Jamo HYG Flow
Bluetooth speaker, priced at €129.
We really liked it.
The
turntable-cum-desk and pair of speakers, designed by the Austrian company TONE
Factory – clearly with young people in mind is designed for those
who don’t want to put their audio equipment on stands in their rooms.
I’ve been wondering
whether this image belongs in the ‘fun and colourful news’ section,
namely the ‘ hydration break ’, but in the end I put it here.
Unfortunately, we didn’t get to hear these speakers, but I really liked their
design. 👌
These funnel-like
devices, designed to produce sound,
are quite striking to look at, but they weren’t
pleasing to the ear, especially given their price…
Thorens’ sister
brand, the German company Coturn, unveiled this "portable" turntable,
which is capable of streaming audio via Bluetooth (aptX) to a Bluetooth speaker
(at the exhibition, it was paired with a
Bang & Olufsen Beolit 20 speaker).
At first glance, I
really liked this design, but I quickly found myself wondering,
why do we love vinyl? Well, because it has an analogue sound.
Now, if we digitise the signal
read by the analogue cartridge and
send it to a speaker via a Bluetooth transmitter, it seems like a really cool
idea, but
in reality, we’re actually removing the very benefits of the system! What’s
more, it costs €377!
We have to ask ourself: Is it really a good idea ???😉
Let’s hope that when using the headphone output, the owner of the device
can still enjoy the signal from the Audio-Technica pickup in analog form.
Further points of
interest
I hope everyone took
exactly three minutes to read the colourful news items
intended for the hydration break . 😄
The Chinese company
Cayin exhibited tube amplifiers and portable
music players, which sounded excellent.
Cayin develops and manufactures very
high-quality devices.
Alongside Birkin
bags, these are another status symbol.
The reason two tonearms are fitted to a high-end turntable
because this avoids having to swap out tonearms and cartridges,
which is not such a straightforward manoeuvre.
This allows the music enthusiast can try out cartridges
(such as MM and MC types) and different sounding tonearms.
(Note: we even saw turntables fitted with three tonearms at the exhibition!)
A few
disappointments
We were absolutely
delighted when we realised that, within minutes,
at the Yamaha stand, the world-famous, highly discerning ECM record label’s
Zsófia Boros – a guitarist of Hungarian origin living in Vienna –
would be appearing as a guest at the Yamaha stand.
As we could see that the
artist’s guitar case was there we were quite hopeful that we’d
listen her playing live, but to our great regret, once the artist had been introduced, the music
was played on the Yamaha playback system, much to our regret.😞
Fans of Yamaha equipments should not take
this comment as a criticism;
the criticism merely pointed out that where a live concert is possible, nothing
beats it.
First of all - I’m not joking - we asked each other why
are there two screens in this room? Is someone going to get changed in here?
Of course, we soon realised that these weren’t screens,
but electrostatic loudspeakers. I’ve heard good sounding speakers
in this genre (such as Martin Logan), but
these speakers didn’t sound very good at all; the problem wasn’t just the lack of bass,
but generally speaking, I didn’t like the sound they produced .
Surprising price
reductions in the final hours of the exhibition
By the time we
arrived at the Topping stand two hours before the exhibition closed,
we noticed that the remaining units had been marked down by 40 per cent!
The DX9 desktop DAC/headphone amplifier shown in the photo is the company’s
top-of-the-range model. The Chinese exhibitor didn’t want to take their units home, so they decided to
sell them at a deep discount - the DX9 for $780 instead of $1,300, which is a very good price for such a
superb piece of kit. Gábor hesitated, but in the end it wasn’t him who bought it, but someone
else...
I’ve already written
about the Chinese company Fosi Audio and some of its products in my
year-end round-up. (Use Google Translate for an English version)
They were also there in Vienna, so we had a go at
the K7, which costs €210 in Europe – surprisingly compact in real life, but
I really like the design of the desktop DAC/headphone amplifier, and on top of
that
with Fosi’s own i5 planar magnetic headphones:
The i5 is available
here in Hungary for 220,000 forints.
The Fosi K7, paired with the i5
headphones, sounded very good for the price. In this instance – which is very
rare – Gábor and I didn’t see eye to eye, because when the not-particularly-professional
Fosi staff – sent some young people over – who were probably not developers but
salespeople – offered a significant discount on the K7 (€139 instead of €210),
I told Gábor: if I were you, I’d take one of these home.
When he connected his iBasso DX240 music player to the K7 using a USB-C– USB-C
cable, Gábor’s player unfortunately froze after a while, so evaporated his
confidence in the device.
He also liked the sound quality,
but said that the DX240 sounded at least as good as the K7, which was high praise
for the K7, given that the iBasso DX240 had previously been available for
400,000 forints, whilst the K7’s discounted price would have been just 50,000
forints. 😲
Admittedly, there are
compatibility issues ( such as the fact that it’s not easy to connect the K7 to
an iPhone with a Lightning connector), but we have at least established that
Fosi Audio’s products offer outstanding value for money, so the K7 is highly
recommended for audiophiles and, above all, gamers – and it’s available here in
Hungary for 77,000 forints!
Unfortunately, it wasn’t really
possible to listen to the devices from some of the manufacturers that are very
popular these days (such as EVERSOLO or WIIM), so the most I can say about them
is that their design was attractive.
This report perhaps captures well
just how tiring, yet thoroughly enjoyable this trip to Vienna was for music
lovers, and how rewarding it was to listen to (a part of) the equipments on display there.
Gábor and I have agreed that we’ll only attend the Vienna High End exhibition every second year.😘
However, anyone whose interest we’ve piqued is welcome to mark the dates
in their diary:
HIGH END Vienna – 6–9 May 2027.
As I visited the
Leonardo da Vinci Museum (among other places) in Rome last week,
I can say with certainty that the smile in the Mona Lisa isn’t quite strong;
it’s quite likely that the marketing people have presented it this way, but, as
we know that every saint’s hand leans towards themselves.



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